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WHO recommendations on adolescent sexual and reproductive health and rights.pdf

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39   HIV prevention and care 7.1      Definitions Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)  is a virus that targets the immune system and weakens the  body’s defence systems against infections and some types of cancer  (146) . HIV is transmitted  via the exchange of body fluids containing the virus, such as blood, breast milk, semen and  vaginal secretions  (147) . The most advanced stage of HIV infection is acquired immunodeficiency  syndrome (AIDS)  (146) . There is currently no cure or vaccine for HIV or AIDS  (146) . Antiretroviral medicines  are medicines used to treat HIV  (147) . Antiretroviral medicines can be  used for post-exposure prophylaxis (short-term treatment started as soon as possible, and within  72 hours, after high-risk exposure to HIV to reduce the risk of acquiring the virus), and as pre- exposure prophylaxis (HIV prevention for people who have tested negative for HIV but are at  high risk of infection)  (146). Antiretroviral therapy  refers to the use of a combination 39   HIV prevention and care 7.1      Definitions Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)  is a virus that targets the immune system and weakens the  body’s defence systems against infections and some types of cancer  (146) . HIV is transmitted  via the exchange of body fluids containing the virus, such as blood, breast milk, semen and  vaginal secretions  (147) . The most advanced stage of HIV infection is acquired immunodeficiency  syndrome (AIDS)  (146) . There is currently no cure or vaccine for HIV or AIDS  (146) . Antiretroviral medicines  are medicines used to treat HIV  (147) . Antiretroviral medicines can be  used for post-exposure prophylaxis (short-term treatment started as soon as possible, and within  72 hours, after high-risk exposure to HIV to reduce the risk of acquiring the virus), and as pre- exposure prophylaxis (HIV prevention for people who have tested negative for HIV but are at  high risk of infection)  (146). Antiretroviral therapy  refers to the use of a combination